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Black holes are highly compact objects that are contained in a spacetime region delimited by means of a null-hypersurface also called the event horizon, which separates the exterior spacetime points which are connected to infinity by a timelike geodesics from the interior spacetime points. In the framework of classical general relativity, any material particle or even light cannot escape to infinity from the interior of the event horizon of a black hole, and inside it there exists a singularity where density becomes infinitely large so that classical physics loses its predictive power.
I intend to discuss the black hole solutions in Einstein's general relativity, the Birkhoff's theorem, and the Penrose-Carter diagram. I also want to deliver a talk on a few of the horizon properties including thermodynamics and related physics. The first hints of a fundamental relationship between gravitation, thermodynamics, and quantum theory came from studying black holes. A wealth of evidence has been acquired indicating that the laws of black hole mechanics are equivalent to the ordinary laws of thermodynamics applied to a system containing a black hole. The future prospects and recent issues on the various black hole properties will also be addressed. |