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Codeine (1) is a naturally occurring opiate and prodrug of morphine and mainly
used to treat acute pain, coughing, and diarrhea.
1
It is found naturally in the sap of the opium
poppy, Papaver somniferum. Codeine (1) is marketed as both a single-ingredient drug and in
combination preparations with paracetamol. It is on the World Health Organization's list of
essential medicines.
2 On the other hand, indolosesquiterpene alkaloids are composed of an
architecturally intriguing pentacyclic framework with four contiguous stereo genic centres with
carbazole unit. In 2010, xiamycin A (2) and xiamycin A methyl ester, displaying anti-HIV and
antibiotic activities, were isolated by Hertweck et. al. from Streptomyces sp. GT2002/15032a
and HKI0595, endophytes from the mangrove plant Bruguiera.3-4 |